Sara написал(а):
Да блин! База одна!!! Смотрите дерево! Потому что у любой лошади 4 ноги, голова и хвост!
Да? То есть все, кто ездит на лошадях, у которых 4 ноги, голова и хвост, ездят одинаково? Арабы? Татаро-монголы? Индейцы? Американцы? Средневековые рыцари?
Почему тогда на изображениях прошлых веков они едут абсолютно по-разному?
Вы знаете, откуда это "дерево" взято?
Из классической выездки, которая лежит в основе Высшей школы (
она там и зародилась) и, соответственно, выездки спортивой.
The Training Scale
The dressage training scale is arranged in a pyramid fashion, with “rhythm and regularity” at the bottom of the pyramid and “collection” at the top. The training scale is used as a guide for the training of the dressage horse (or any horse, for that matter). Despite its appearance, the training scale is not meant to be a rigid format. Instead, each level is built on as the horse progresses in his training: so a Grand Prix horse would work on the refinement of the bottom levels of the pyramid, instead of focusing on only the highest level: “collection.” The levels are also interconnected. For example, a crooked horse is unable to develop impulsion, and a horse that is not relaxed will be less likely to travel with a rhythmic gait.
Rhythm and Regularity (Takt)
Rhythm, gait, tempo, and regularity should be the same on straight and bending lines, through lateral work, and through transitions. Rhythm refers to the sequence of the footfalls, which should only include the pure walk, pure trot, and pure canter. The regularity, or purity, of the gait includes the evenness and levelness of the stride. Once a rider can obtain pure gaits, or can avoid irregularity, the combination may be fit to do an exercise more difficult. Even in the very difficult piaffe there is still regularity: the horse "trots on the spot" in place raising the front and hindlegs in rhytm.
Relaxation (Losgelassenheit)
The second level of the pyramid is relaxation (looseness). Signs of looseness in the horse may be seen by an even stride that is swinging through the back and causing the tail to swing like a pendulum, looseness at the poll, a soft chewing of the bit, and a relaxed blowing through the nose. The horse will make smooth transitions, be easy to position from side to side, and will willingly reach down into the contact as the reins are lengthened.
Contact (Anlehnung)
Contact—the third level of the pyramid—is the result of the horse’s pushing power, and should never be achieved by the pulling of the rider’s hands. The rider drives the horse into soft hands that allow the horse to come up into the bridle, and should always follow the natural motion of the animal’s head. The horse should have equal contact in both reins.
Impulsion (Schwung)
The pushing power (thrust) of the horse is called “impulsion,” and is the fourth level of the training pyramid. Impulsion is created by storing the energy of engagement (the forward reaching of the hind legs under the body).
Proper impulsion is achieved by means of:
Correct driving aids of the rider
Relaxation of the horse
Throughness (durchlässigkeit): the flow of energy through the horse from front to back and back to front. The musculature of the horse is connected, supple, elastic, and unblocked, and the rider’s aids go freely through the horse.
Impulsion can occur at the walk, trot and canter. It is highly important to establish good, forward movement and impulsion at the walk, as achieving desirable form in the trot and canter relies heavily on the transition from a good, supple, forward walk.
Impulsion not only encourages correct muscle and joint use, but also engages the mind of the horse, focusing it on the rider and, particularly at the walk and trot, allowing for relaxation and dissipation of nervous energy.
Straightness (Geraderichtung)
A horse is straight when his hind legs follow the path of his front legs, on both straight lines and on bending lines, and his body is parallel to the line of travel. Straightness causes the horse to channel his impulsion directly toward his center of balance, and allows the rider’s hand aids to have a connection to the hind end. Working in an arena can be tricky: the horse moving along the sidewall will respond to the sidewall and bring the shoulder 'out' (the inside front hoof will be nearer to the sidewall than the inside hindhoof).
Collection (Versammlung)
At the apex of the training scale stands collection. It may refer to colleted gaits: they can be used occasionally to supplement less vigorous work. It involves difficult movements, such as flying changes) in more advanced horses. Collection requires greater muscular strength, so must be advanced upon slowly. When in collected gait, the stride length should shorten, and the stride should increase in energy and activity.
When a horse collects, he naturally takes more of his weight onto his hindquarters. Collection is natural for horses and is often seen during play in the meadow. A collected horse is able to move more freely. The joints of the hind limbs have greater flexion, allowing the horse to lower his hindquarters, bring his hind legs further under his body, and lighten the forehand. In essence, it is the horses ability to move its centre of gravity more backward. This should be shown during each transition to a lower gait, even by a novice horse.
это я открыла статью по выездке в Википедии
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressage
Оттуда же - про вестерн.
"Western riding is a style of horseback riding which evolved from the ranching and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the cowboy in the American West. American cowboys needed to work long hours in the saddle over rough terrain, sometimes needing to rope cattle with a lariat (or lasso). Because of the necessity to control the horse with one hand and use a lariat with the other, western horses were trained to neck rein, that is, to change direction with light pressure of a rein against the horse's neck. Horses were also trained to exercise a certain degree of independence in using their natural instincts to follow the movements of a cow, thus a riding style developed that emphasized a deep, secure seat, and training methods encouraged a horse to be responsive on very light rein contact".
- для меня ВОТ ЭТО - ВЕСТЕРН. Езда, которая была нужна не для развлечения, а для вполне серьезных целей.
Вестерн без нек-рейнинга, с разбором поводьев в две руки, с классической базой, которая улучшает аллюры лошади и требует нескольких лет ежедневной работы - это уже не вестерн.
Зачем ковбою швунг? Где он его в прерии будет использовать? Если как следует проработать всю шкалу, то бедный ковбой после нескольких часов в седле уколбасится, так как лошадь, энергично работающая спиной, с амплитудными движениями - не лучший транспорт в длительной поездке.
Чтобы длительное время сидеть в седле, аллюры не должны быть глубокими, отрыв ног от земли - минимальным. Иначе всаднику приходится гасить импульс своей спиной - а это лишнее усилие, лишняя затраченная энергия.
Классическая шкала улучшает движения лошади: они становяться более энергичными, редкими, аллюры - более глубокими. Сидеть там гораздо неудобнее, чем на свободно бегущем квотер-хорсе.
Если современные вестерновские тренера стали использовать классическую шкалу - уря! Что можно еще сказать?
Изначально,
изначально, в своей основе вестерн мало общего имеет с классической выездкой (а если говорить серьезно, то классическая выездка началась с Ксенофонта, который жил аж до нашей эры), т.е. тогда, когда ковбоев как-то... ммм... не было...
Статью я могу о чем угодно написать. Любые деревья нарисовать. Лучшим доказательством, что данная шкала (по-вашему "дерево") является привнесенной в вестерн современными тренерами относительно недавно, является факт, что как-то сложно найти вестерн-лошадей, подготовленных классически, т.е. прошедших всю эту шкалу.
По крайней мере, то, что я видела в видеоматериалах - это был именно вестерн. Без классики вообще.
